Critique of Pure
Reason.
" . . . [T]hough
all our knowledge begins with experience, it by no means follows
that all arises out of experience."3a
" . . . [B]esides intuition
there is no other mode of knowledge, except through concepts
. . . "3b
"The possibility of
experience is, then, that which gives objective reality
to all our a priori knowledge."3c
" . . . [I]t is only because we
subject the sequence of appearances, and consequently all change, to
the law of causality, that experience itself, that is,
empirical knowledge of appearances, becomes possible . . . "3d
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Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime.
"Finer
feeling . . . is chiefly of two kinds: the feeling of the
sublime and that of the beautiful."6a*
"The sublime moves, the beautiful
charms."6b*
"The sublime must always be great;
the beautiful can also be small.
The sublime must be
simple; the beautiful can be adorned or ornamented. A great
height is just as sublime as a great depth, except that the latter
is accompanied with the sensation of shuddering, the former with one
of wonder. Hence the latter feeling can be the terrifying sublime,
and the former the noble."6c
"Understanding is sublime, wit is
beautiful. . . Sublime attributes stimulate esteem, but
beautiful ones, love."6d
"Friendship has mainly the
character of the sublime, but love between the sexes,
that of the beautiful."6e
"Among moral attributes
true
virtue alone is sublime."6f
" . . . [T]rue virtue can be
grafted only upon principles such that the more general they are,
the more sublime and noble it becomes. These principles are not
speculative rules, but the consciousness of a feeling that lives in
every human breast and extends itself much further than over the
particular grounds of compassion and complaisance. I believe that I
sum it all up when I say that it is the feeling of the beauty
and the dignity of human nature. The first is a ground of
universal affection, the second of
universal esteem . . .
"6g
SANTAYANA
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*
Italics in the original.
1 Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804).
Groundwork
of the Metaphysic of Morals
(1785).
Translated and Analyzed by H.J. Paton. New York, NY: Harper and Row,
Publishers, Incorporated. (Originally published under the title The
Moral Law, Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., London, 1948.)
a The function of reason, at 62-64.
b The Formula of the Law of Nature, at 89.
c The dignity of virtue, at 102-103.
2 Immanuel Kant. Religion
Within the Limits of Reason Alone (1793). Translated
with an Introduction and Notes by Theodore M. Greene and Hoyt H.
Hudson, with an essay by John R. Silber. La Salle, IL: The Open
Court Publishing Company, 1934. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers,
1960.
a Concerning the
Propensity to Evil in Human Nature, at 23-27.
b Man
is Evil by Nature, at 27-34.
3 Immanuel Kant.
Critique
of Pure Reason
(1781). A revised and expanded translation based on
Meiklejohn. Edited by Vasilis Politis. Introduction and Chronology,
J.M. Dent, 1993. London, UK: J.M. Dent, Orion Publishing Group.
Rutland, VT: Charles E. Turtle Co. Inc.
a The Difference Between Pure and Empirical Knowledge,
at 30.
b Transcendental Clue to the Discovery of all Pure
Concepts of the Understanding, at 78.
c System of the Principles of the Pure Understanding, at
152.
d Principle of the Succession in Time According to the
Law of Causality, at 173.
4 Immanuel Kant. To Perpetual Peace: A
Philosophical Sketch (1795). Essay included in Immanuel
Kant, Perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History, and
Moral Practice. Translated with an Introduction by Ted Humphrey.
Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1983, at
107-143.
5 Immanuel Kant. The
Metaphysics of Morals (1797). Translated and edited by
Mary Gregor. With an Introduction by Roger J. Sullivan. Cambridge,
UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
a Introduction to the Doctrine of Right, at 24.
b Introduction to the Doctrine of Virtue, at 168.
c The Doctrine of Virtue, at 186.
6 Immanuel Kant.
Observations on the Feeling of
the Beautiful and Sublime
(1764).
Translated by John T. Goldthwait.
The Regents of the University of California, 1960. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, Ltd., 2003.
a Section One: Of the Distinct Objects
of the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime, at 46.
b Ibid.,
at 47.
c Ibid.,
at 48-49.
d Section
Two: Of the Attributes of the Beautiful and Sublime in Man in
General, at 51.
e Ibid.,
at 52.
f Ibid.,
at 57.
g Ibid.,
at 60.
MK-BOOK-KANT-20000301.
Updated 20040414.
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